Which vitamin is crucial for preventing neural tube defects during pregnancy?

Folic acid is essential for preventing neural tube defects during pregnancy because it plays a critical role in DNA synthesis and cell division, particularly during the early stages of fetal development when the neural tube is forming. Neural tube defects occur when the neural tube does not close properly, leading to conditions such as spina bifida or anencephaly. Adequate intake of folic acid before conception and in the early stages of pregnancy significantly reduces the risk of these defects.

Women are advised to take folic acid supplements in addition to consuming foods rich in this vitamin, such as leafy greens, legumes, and fortified cereals, to ensure sufficient levels are achieved. This recommendation is based on research that shows a direct correlation between folic acid intake and the reduction of neural tube defects. Other vitamins, while important for overall health during pregnancy, do not have the same specific role in neural tube development.